Question

Programs to learn data type, variables, If-else statement.

Answer 1

Write Programs to learn data type, variables, If-else statement.

Variables : Variables are nothing but  a name of the memory location. It is used to store data. Its value can be changed, and it can be reused many times.It is a way to represent memory location through symbol so that it can be easily identified . 

Example : 

int i; char a; float h;

Data type : data types are declarations for variables. This determines the type and size of data associated with variables.  data types are of three types :

1. Primitive data type
2. User defined data type
3. Derived data type

Data Types are used to:

• Identify the type of a variable when it declared.
• Identify the type of the return value of a function.
• Identify the type of a parameter expected by a function.

 

Primitive data type : 

Data types	Description
void	As the name suggests, it holds no value and is generally used for specifying the type of function or what it returns. If the function has a void type, it means that the function will not return any value.
int	Used to denote an integer type.
char	Used to denote a character type.
float, double	Used to denote a floating point type.
int *, float *, char *	Used to denote a pointer type.

Derived data type : 

Data Types	Description
Arrays	Arrays are sequences of data items having homogeneous values. They have adjacent memory locations to store values.
References	Function pointers allow referencing functions with a particular signature.
Pointers	These are powerful C features which are used to access the memory and deal with their addresses.

User Defined data types : 

Data Types	Description
Structure	It is a package of variables of different types under a single name. This is done to handle data efficiently. "struct" keyword is used to define a structure.
Union	These allow storing various data types in the same memory location. Programmers can define a union with different members, but only a single member can contain a value at a given time. It is used for
Enum	Enumeration is a special data type that consists of integral constants, and each of them is assigned with a specific name. "enum" keyword is used to define the enumerated data type .

Program : 

#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main() {     int a = 4; // positive integer data type     float b = 5.2324; // float data type     char c = 'Z'; // char data type     long d = 41657; // long positive integer data type     short g = 130; // short +ve integer data type      double i = 4.1234567890; // double float data type     printf("%d",a);     printf("\n%f",b);     printf("\n%c",c);     printf("\n%li",d);     printf("\n%hi",g);     printf("\n%lf",i); }

Output : 

4

5.232400

Z

41657

130

4.123457

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If-else statement : 

If the test expression is evaluated to true,

• statements inside the body of if are executed.
• statements inside the body of else are skipped from execution.

If the test expression is evaluated to false,

• statements inside the body of else are executed
• statements inside the body of if are skipped from execution

 Syntax : 

if (condition) { // execute if the test expression is true } else { // execute if the test expression is false }

Example : 

#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main() {     int i;     printf("Enter value : ");     scanf("%d", &i);     if  (i%2 == 0) {         printf("%d is even .",i);     }     else {         printf("%d is odd .",i);     }     }

Output : 

Enter value : 5

5 is odd .

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